Bayani
Yawancin mutane sun san cewa gurɓatar iska a waje na iya shafar lafiyarsu, amma gurɓatar iska a cikin gida na iya haifar da mummunan tasiri ga lafiya. Nazarin EPA game da fallasa ga mutane ga gurɓatar iska ya nuna cewa matakan gurɓatar iska a cikin gida na iya ninka sau biyu zuwa biyar - kuma wani lokacin fiye da sau 100 - fiye da matakan waje.1 Waɗannan matakan gurɓatar iska a cikin gida suna da matukar damuwa, saboda yawancin mutane suna kashe kusan kashi 90 cikin 100 na lokacinsu a cikin gida. Don dalilan wannan jagorar, ma'anar ingantaccen kula da ingancin iska a cikin gida (IAQ) ya haɗa da:
- Sarrafa gurɓatattun abubuwa a iska;
- Gabatarwa da rarraba isasshen iska a waje; da kuma
- Kula da yanayin zafi mai dacewa da kuma ɗanɗanon da ya dace
Ba za a iya yin watsi da zafin jiki da danshi ba, domin damuwar jin daɗin zafi ita ce tushen koke-koke da yawa game da "rashin kyawun iska." Bugu da ƙari, zafin jiki da danshi suna cikin abubuwan da ke shafar matakan gurɓataccen iska a cikin gida.
Ya kamata a yi la'akari da hanyoyin waje domin iskar waje tana shiga gine-ginen makaranta ta tagogi, ƙofofi da tsarin samun iska. Don haka, ayyukan sufuri da kula da filayen suna zama abubuwan da ke shafar matakan gurɓataccen iska a cikin gida da kuma ingancin iskar waje a harabar makaranta.
Me yasa IAQ yake da mahimmanci?
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, nazarin haɗarin kwatantawa da Hukumar Ba da Shawara kan Kimiyya ta EPA (SAB) ta gudanar ya sanya gurɓatar iska a cikin gida a cikin manyan haɗarin muhalli guda biyar ga lafiyar jama'a. Kyakkyawan IAQ muhimmin bangare ne na muhalli mai lafiya a cikin gida, kuma yana iya taimaka wa makarantu cimma babban burinsu na ilmantar da yara.
Rashin hana ko mayar da martani cikin gaggawa ga matsalolin IAQ na iya ƙara tasirin lafiya na dogon lokaci da na ɗan gajeren lokaci ga ɗalibai da ma'aikata, kamar:
- Tari;
- Ƙunƙasar ido;
- Ciwon kai;
- Rashin lafiyar jiki;
- Tasirin asma da/ko wasu cututtukan numfashi; da kuma
- A lokuta da ba kasafai ake samun irin wannan matsala ba, suna taimakawa wajen haifar da cututtuka masu barazana ga rayuwa kamar cutar Legionnaire ko gubar carbon monoxide.
Kusan yara 1 cikin 13 da suka kai shekara 13 suna da asma, wanda shine babban dalilin rashin zuwa makaranta saboda rashin lafiya mai tsanani. Akwai kwararan shaidu da ke nuna cewa fuskantar alerji a cikin gida (kamar ƙurar ƙura, kwari, da molds) yana taka rawa wajen haifar da alamun asma. Waɗannan alerji sun zama ruwan dare a makarantu. Akwai kuma shaida cewa fallasa ga hayakin dizal daga motocin bas na makaranta da sauran ababen hawa yana ƙara ta'azzara asma da rashin lafiyan. Waɗannan matsalolin na iya:
- Tasiri ga halartar ɗalibai, jin daɗi, da kuma aiki;
- Rage aikin malamai da ma'aikata;
- Haɓaka lalacewar makarantar da kuma rage ingancin kayan aiki da kayan aikin makarantar;
- Ƙara yiwuwar rufe makarantu ko ƙaura da mazauna;
- Dangantaka mai tsami tsakanin shugabannin makarantu, iyaye da ma'aikata;
- Ƙirƙiri talla mara kyau;
- Tasirin amincewa da al'umma; da kuma
- Ƙirƙiri matsalolin alhaki.
Matsalolin iska a cikin gida na iya zama marasa sauƙi kuma ba koyaushe suke haifar da tasiri mai sauƙi ga lafiya, jin daɗi, ko kuma ga tsirrai ba. Alamomin sun haɗa da ciwon kai, gajiya, ƙarancin numfashi, toshewar sinus, tari, atishawa, jiri, tashin zuciya, da kuma kurajen ido, hanci, makogwaro, da fata. Alamomin ba lallai bane su kasance saboda ƙarancin iska, amma kuma ana iya haifar da su ta wasu abubuwa, kamar rashin kyawun haske, damuwa, hayaniya da sauransu. Saboda bambancin yanayin jin daɗi tsakanin mazauna makaranta, matsalolin IAQ na iya shafar gungun mutane ko mutum ɗaya kawai kuma suna iya shafar kowane mutum ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
Mutanen da za su iya kamuwa da illolin gurɓataccen iska a cikin gida sun haɗa da, amma ba'a iyakance ga su ba, mutanen da ke da:
- Asma, alerji, ko rashin lafiyar sinadarai;
- Cututtukan numfashi;
- Tsarin garkuwar jiki da aka rage (saboda radiation, chemotherapy, ko cututtuka); da
- Ruwan tabarau na hulɗa.
Wasu ƙungiyoyin mutane na iya fuskantar haɗarin kamuwa da wasu gurɓatattun abubuwa ko gaurayen gurɓatattun abubuwa. Misali, mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan zuciya na iya fuskantar mummunan tasiri daga fallasa ga carbon monoxide fiye da mutanen da ke da lafiya. Mutanen da ke fuskantar babban matakin nitrogen dioxide suma suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan numfashi.
Bugu da ƙari, jikin yara masu tasowa na iya zama mafi sauƙin kamuwa da yanayin muhalli fiye da na manya. Yara suna shaƙar iska mai yawa, suna cin abinci mai yawa kuma suna shan ruwa mai yawa gwargwadon nauyin jikinsu fiye da manya. Saboda haka, ingancin iska a makarantu yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Kula da iskar cikin gida ba batun "inganci" ba ne; ya ƙunshi aminci da kula da jarin ku a ɗalibai, ma'aikata da wurare.
Don ƙarin bayani, dubaIngancin Iska a Cikin Gida.
Nassoshi
1. Wallace, Lance A., da sauransu. Hanyar Kimanta Fuskantar Fuska (TEAM) Nazarin: Fuskantar da kai, alaƙar da ke tsakaninka da waje, da kuma matakan numfashi na mahaɗan halitta masu canzawa a New Jersey.Muhalli. Int.1986,12, 369-387.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0160412086900516
An samo daga https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/why-indoor-air-quality-important-schools
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-15-2022